I feel like I covered the fact that there's a large overlap between most languages, but to clarify more - when a software team chooses a language they aren't choosing a language based on the overlap, they are choosing it based on the language specific features they think will benefit them the most across the problems they most often try to solve. Go and rusts unique features do no compete with each other like rust/c++ would or like go/elixir (which I feel these two languages are much more comparable in the problems they focus on solving.

Go generally targets small microservices and can be quite limiting (imho) to larger projects because the language semantics are extremely simple and are not geared towards projects with numerous business domains.

Rust on the other hand has extremely powerful generics which enable sophisticated code sharing and composition to enable large projects. Rust also very purposefully targets embedded systems and low level systems programming. You can do these things in go, but it is not something the language is designed to do as a first class priority.