> Wouldn't "a rewarding career" qualify as long-term, intrinsic wellbeing?
Depends on what one understand by “rewarding”. If it's compensation, title, status, achievements, etc., these are extrinsic factors. Regardless, I don't see any evidence for a rewarding career in the OP.
I've generally heard "rewarding" in this context used to mean "satisfying and/or meaningful" – e.g, a teacher who loves their job and is able to see their students learn and grow happily would be said to have a rewarding job.
For OP, it sounds like an intrinsically rewarding job would be one that involves autonomy, decision-making, a sense of impact - which it sounds like they now have.