When in the trenches of science this is literally your job. What seems like the likely hypothesis, what model that explains the data is good or bad.
Papers are not textbooks. They are the boiling cauldron from with some bits eventually emerged as fully cooked facts.
The only way that I can square others' experience of science with my own is if they take the Discussion sections, which are free-form extrapolation about future directions, and treat them as if they were asserted as truth.