Yes, everything is provided for. No need for separate tools, Godot comes with everything out of the box. (Of course "good" needs to be defined but I personally had no problems.)

> The second form of criticism I've heard is that type issues become a serious problem as the size of game code growns past a certain point.

GDScript has gradual typing support. You get at least TS-level of type safety if you want (but without the headache of TS.)

Also C# is not traditionally a game development language. It has automatic garbage management for which game development happens to be on of the few areas where that is not exactly ideal.

C# is mostly interesting for people already knowing C# or when there are specific performance needs where C# still outperforms GDScript (though personally I would rather write the performance sensitive parts in C++ or Rust).

Most people are highly advised to at least try GDScript. (Also it is very easy to mix and match languages. You can have parts in C#, parts in GDScript, parts in C++, no need to commit early to a specific language.)