https://www.forbes.com/sites/javierpaz/2022/08/26/more-than-...
I wonder what basis they use to determine "likely to be fake or non-economic". Seems highly unlikely they have any concrete evidence.
Makes me want to start a "think tank" where I can just publish whatever speculation I'm feeling at the moment with fabricated numbers built from specious methods to add a veneer of substantiation.
(Also, kind of amusing that an article about how bitcoin exchanges are fabricating numbers is fabricating numbers itself.)
I suspect what they're classifying as Wash Trading are actually tumbler services that essentially launder the source and destinations of transactions. Strictly speaking, those are arguably economic because the tumbler takes a (sometimes substantial) cut but it would fall out of the line of thinking of "buying goods or services" that people think more traditionally.
That said, the methodology is right there at the end of the article[1]. It does seem rather open to thumbs on scales.
[1]: https://www.forbes.com/sites/javierpaz/2022/08/26/more-than-...