Lots of companies make money from the cash flow spread between interest rates and whatever their investment is. And when interest rates rise, entire segments of their business become fundamentally unprofitable. It's not just banks either.

Say a company buys a $100k asset, and they can use it to generate $10k in revenue. That's a profitable investment at 5% interest ($5k), but not at 10% ($10k). So at high enough interest rates, it's not economically viable for that company to expand. That lack of expansion has upstream implications, and can have a cooling effect on asset prices at broad levels.