Sensors may have the time, but our hands do not; they are unsteady in subtle ways.
When making photos in low light, I always try to lean my phone against something (a bench, a lamppost, a tree, a building) to let the longer exposure be sharper.
I don’t get your point. Surely you’ve seen that the iPhone is perfectly able to do 10s handheld exposures. Something in the algorithm can unscramble those eggs because there’s no way it should be able to capture clear pictures with nearly no light.
There's no way that the accelerators/gyrocscope would be accurate enough to remove the shake. According to google, the iphone gyroscope is accurate to within about 0.5 degrees, roughly two orders of magnitude away from being pixel accurate in a 1x zoom image.
Maybe, but it looks like a problem of unscrambling an egg. The true image has been smeared over the sensor, superimposed on itself a bit. Maybe there is a good enough solution for the problem of finding the true image, but I can't imagine it to be computationally inexpensive.