Ask HN: What's the state of mobile app monetization in 2023?

Hey HN - I'm a co-owner of a mobile app (Android and iOS) for a specific niche with a substantial user base (B2C). We've tried for a couple of years to build an innovative business model on top of it, but it turned out to be unsustainable and we want to restructure to a more traditional app business model.

The landscape seems to have changed quite a bit in the last few years with the crackdown on ad tracking on iOS, more subscriptions, etc. Blogs on this topic seem to be at least a few years old or SaaS marketing content.

What's the current state of mobile app monetization? Are any of one-time purchases, subscriptions, ads, paid sponsorships for our industry, … still viable for an app with on-going development of new features?