>How’s it work if you don’t spend half the year anywhere but spend the most time in FL or TX?

This site[0] should answer your question for the several states. In general:

   Most U.S. states require residents to pay income taxes to the state as well 
   as to the federal government. The factors that determine residency vary by 
   state, but usually involve a person having established their domicile in that
   state or having spent more than half the year there.

[0] https://www.annuity.org/personal-finance/taxes/residency-req...

In CA, “half a year” is 5 months. Also, there is a long list of factors the FTB uses to go after you to prove you still have significant contacts with CA to extract tax from you. A clean, permanent break is best. Worked well with tax attorney planning. Was great getting a free house in tax savings by leaving that state. Plus I can retire earlier. Nice state but no longer worth it unless you make little or no money.