1. Windows 3.1 can run without DOS. For example: on top of DR DOS, an entirely independent operating system from a different vendor. And of course it also runs on top of OS/2 2.0 and above which is not remotely DOS like in structure. Now yes to be fair that is because IBM had access to the Microsoft source code for Windows 3.0 and 3.1. Even so it falsifies your statement.

2. Your claim about multitasking is wrong and it is specifically refuted in the article that you are criticising.

2a. Under Windows 3.0 and 3.1, Windows binaries multitask cooperatively, and programs can and do run in the background. You can minimise the program and it will keep working. Four example you could minimise a comms program that is doing a download of a dial-up, and keep working in some other application. Your download would continue. I used this in production from 2.01 up until Windows for Workgroups 3.11. It was Windows 3 – it was very unstable – so you have to be extremely careful with what you did, but it was possible.

2b. As the article specifically spells out, Windows 3.0 and 3.1 were able to pre-emptively multitask DOS applications. So although Windows binaries were only cooperatively multitasked, DOS binaries were pre-empted... which was necessary because MS-DOS didn't support multitasking. And just for the sake of clarity, this did not require a 386: they were able to multitask DOS apps even on 8086, although that ability wasn't much use, because you wouldn't have enough available memory on an 8086 to run two or more DOS programs at once. But you could demonstrate it with tiny DOS applications like say `pkzip`. The relevance of a 386 and 386 enhanced mode to this was memory management - Windows 3 could use V86 mode to give each DOS program 640 kB RAM.