You will only have problems with the same error message if they are in the same function, otherwise the wrapped errors will show a different path. It is possible, but they will be close to each other.
Stack traces can also point to code that is not in the master branch anymore, so it's not like they are immune from it. In both cases (Java and Go), you can git-checkout the deployed commit and then locate the error.
I guess we just have very different experiences. I worked with a large Java codebase in the past, and there is no way in the world I am going back to Java now that I tried Go.