They do generally try to keep IDEs focused on a topic, for example how Rider has the role of supporting both Unity (C#) as well as Unreal (C++) projects since the the folks who seem to work closely with Rider seem to be their game development SMEs.
Similarly for Rust, I figure CLion is the best bet?
You would use the LLDB debugger backend similar to your C/C++ projects you would work on with CLion.
Quite a few rust projects do touch or at least reference C projects etc...