The opportunities are still there in local minima, places where it's too small for Google to optimize. But the trend is clear.
Costs go up because winners have been found. Like monopolies in capitalism.
Concretely: if I am the only pie baker in the world (I won), who else would bid against me for "place to buy pie"?
My unsubstantiated hypothesis is that google has gotten better at cross-promoting - so they could target people who like cake, increasing the market and competition for bids, making prices go up.
I believe there are some agreements for larger corporations to continue to promote things even if it is not necessary. People with funny money can treat ad markets like billboards.
Another fucked up aspect is that the government often runs ads to promote its own policies.
Much like real markets there is sometimes unnatural activity that keeps it moving.
Also if you aren't buying anything by clicking them, advertisers are ignoring you because you aren't a valuable user to them.
You are most likely reaping what you sew. Which shows that the ad networks are actually working.