Python is a fun case of "all of the above" (or rather, a layering of styles once it turns out a previous one isn't workable).
Originally, they used pure reference counting GC, with finalizers used to clean up when freed. This was "fine", since RC is deterministic. Everything is freed when the last reference is deleted, nice and simple.
But reference counting can't detect reference cycles, so eventually they added a secondary tracing garbage collector to handle them. But tracing GC isn't deterministic anymore, so this also meant a shift to manual resource management.
That turned out to be embarrassing enough that context managers were eventually introduced to paper over it. But all four mechanisms still exist and "work" in the language today.
