Inflation is actually very simple: More money is added to the system than value produced. That is, money is printed faster than value is created through labor. Stop and think for a second. How do we have trillions of USD? Banks create money. And they're doing it faster than ever before.
Now you can absolutely have price gouging at the same time, but the two are independent of each other, even though combined the affects are worse for the price gouged.