> Brain doesn’t perform computations in any CS accepted sense (neither it is a turing machine nor it has any encoded program to execute any defined algorithm).
That's a big statement. Anything that can be effectively described with math, can be described using Turing machines and algorithms. Any Turing-complete system is equivalent. As far as we know, all of physics can be described by equations, therefore is (theoretically) computable. What makes you think brains are special? Are there any other physical systems that you think are uncomputable?
The only arguments I've found for why the brain can't be described by algorithms go into unconvincing pseudo-scientific arguments about the magic of quantum mechanics, which I find very unconvincing (quantum algorithms are still algorithms, and describable through math after all). Do you have a better one?
> Would you call an ants colony a computer? A tree? A government? But they all obviously processes information and seemingly perform computations, don’t they?
Yes, absolutely. You can use ant colonies or slime molds as biological computers to solve real-world finding problems: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZUQQmcR5-g&t=1s
Some of your other examples are more complicated, but all of them can be described through the computational lens, and modeled as Turing machines. you will find many scientific papers filled with equations trying to describe the algorithms behind each of them
