I think I've misunderstood what circuit breakers are for years! I did indeed think they were a server-side mechanism. The original commenter's description of them is great, you can essentially create a heuristic based on the observed behaviour of the server and decide against overwhelming it further if you think it's unhealthy.
TIL! Seems like it can have tricky emergent behaviour. I bet if you implement it wrong you can end up in very weird situations. I should visualise it. :)