I did not use regexes, so as said, the most common edge case did not hit me.
What hit me was stupid, but also not covered in the example. It was rather implied and obvious from the example, though.
SPOILER ALERT
In my mistaken implementation `one2three1` would find "1, 2, 3" but not the second case of 1. Now, while the description never explicitly mentioned this, it's still obvious that it should be "11" and not `13`. Though my example, derived by TDD-ing from the example, gave `11`.
Only after I diffed my output with that of a known working solution did I find a few lines (there were several of them, though not that much) that made my issue clear: I missed the second case of a number appearing. So "one1one1one" in my solution would only find the first one.