If this really lead to an entire country losing access to GitHub, Twitter, Canva, etc for four hours, I wager that's a pretty substantial economic loss. Of course Orange doesn't suffer this cost directly, but the downtime and the surrounding revelations/rumours about their security posture might cost them a lot of business in the medium term (even outside Spain).
I mean, it didn't affect the _entire_ country. I am in Spain and didn't notice (neither did anyone I know) until I saw the news. Logically it should only affect Orange customers, maybe transiting traffic from other ISPs?