sysvinit, s6, openrc, runit and Solaris SMF
Edit: Also, were any distros actually shipping those as supported init systems? I was under the impression that most of them were still in the "experimental" stage and not viable replacements (yet).
Linux only adopted SystemV style init because it was the norm in Solaris at the time. It is not a linux-ism.
As this article notes - systemd is actually fine as an init system and hardly anyone denies it. It's all of the other stuff (journald, resolved, timers, etc) + tight coupling + environmental assumptions that is the problem.
I don't think any distribution was using runit before systemd, but it was available in Gentoo as a sysvinit replacement and ISTR it was used in the Rails community for supervising Unicorn.