I still tinker with the x86 version (which isn't maintained anymore): https://github.com/mit-pdos/xv6-public. Doesn't need much effort to build it on macOS.
The codebase is pretty compact that it can be understood in a few days, and also rebuilding it is very quick. Can't say the same thing about Linux, but hey as real world OS, guess some complexities are simply unavoidable.
As for more serious projects I am interested in and could be a potential follow up to contribute to a bigger kernel, there are SerenityOS and RedoxOS.