(mod N) is an operator which indicates that the arithmetic in the preceding formula or equation is understood as taking place in a modulo N congruence.
A triple equal sign is usually used for modular equations. That triple equal sign, together with the (mod N) out to the right, constitute an operator.
-1 ≡ 9 (mod 10)
Since it is written as part of the syntax of a formula or equation, and modifies its semantics, it is an operator. Just like d/dx, sigma notation and whatever not.