No, Go enums are definitely separate types. Sure, technically there is also an integer (or some other base representation) hidden in there somewhere, but that's what an enumeration is. Without that you don't have an enum.
Creating new types wrapping int is not really the same thing. It's not a closed set. Presumably one could define additional overlapping constants with the same integer type elsewhere?
It has a lot to do with enums, especially if you are claiming statically typed enums. When defining a type, more often than not, we want to define the values that make up the set. For example, 'type boolean = true | false'