When I have my laptop plugged into a 38" ultrawide monitor, I occasionally need to use more than one motion to get a window from the far side of the ultrawide monitor over and down to the laptop's built-in screen. But that doesn't feel too slow to me; rather, it's just that I'm moving the window a pretty large distance. For more reasonable distances, I have no trouble dragging windows or files around. I usually have my cursor speed set two ticks above default (leaving three faster settings available on the slider).

The cursor moves the same way, it's just a bit harder because you can't let go of the cursor and start over from the corner of the touchpad with more room to move once you've pressed. But thanks to acceleration, you can move fast towards e.g. the left, slowly move back to the right (covering a much shorter distance), then move fast back left to finish the travel, if you missed it the first time.