The goal is to restrict what included libraries can do. As you say, in languages like Rust, Go or Swift, the mechanism to do this would also need to work with statically linked code to work. And thats quite tricky, because there are no isolation boundaries between functions in executables.

It should still be possible to build something like this. It would just be inconvenient. In rust, swift and go you'd probably want to implement something like this at compile time.

In rust, I'd start by banning unsafe in dependencies. (Or whitelisting which projects are allowed to use unsafe code.) Then add special annotations on all the methods in the standard library which need special permissions to run. For example, File::open, fork, exec, networking, and so on. In cargo.toml, add a way to specify which permissions your child libraries get. "Import serde, but give it no OS permissions". When you compile your program, the compiler can look at the call tree of each function to see what actually gets called, and make sure the permissions match up. If you call a function in serde which in turn calls File::open (directly or indirectly), and you didn't explicitly allow that, the program should fail to compile.

It should be fine for serde to contain some utility function that calls the banned File::open, so long as the utility function isn't called.

Permissions should be in a tree. As you get further out in the dependency tree, libraries get fewer permissions. If I pass permissions {X,Y} to serde, serde can pass permission {X} to one of its dependencies in turn. But serde can't pass permission {Q} to its dependency - since it doesn't have that capability itself.

Any libraries which use unsafe are sort of trusted to do everything. You might need to insist that any package which calls unsafe code is actively whitelisted by the cargo.toml file in the project root.