Looks like this has been the subject of some industry wandering in the last generation:
https://www.urban-transport-magazine.com/en/new-boom-in-the-...
Some were planned for 30-35 years, some for 25 to 30, some models have aged so gracefully they may be refurbished, yet others may have been engineered with roughly the correct obsolescence window in mind as engineering has advanced in the last generation, even in the dimensions of making some things simpler and more reliable (one of the billed advantages of some of the Siemens train mechanisms).