Less "adversary" as evaluated by a specific entity, more "bad actor" as evaluated by the collective. Which is the intent. Of course nobody issuing sanctions specifically intends them to be criminal penalties for local (target) residents, it's nonsensical anyway as the issuer(s) generally don't have any kind of criminal authority in the relevant jurisdictions.
Suffragettes, civil rights activists and Vietnam war protesters would’ve all been considered “bad actors” by their democratic governments at stages of their journey.
They're only a net good if you think the government of the biggest economy is always morally right. Because only sanctions by the biggest economies have any impact. Most of the people in the world who aren't Americans view America's foreign policy as overwhelmingly a net negative, so for most of the world those sanctions are a net bad.
