Same question as before:

where are you taking your stats?

Foreign born population in Italy is around 10% of the total, it is similar to similar countries in a similar position: France, Greece, Portugal.

We also do not count naturalized foreign-born and children born here, while other countries do.

But you're still missing the point: those millions of foreign born living in Italy have little to none tech literacy.

I have used the 9% measure because I assume that the remaining 1% are people who have some tech literacy.

In Germany there are (officially) 700 thousand Italians, unofficially it's 2 times that. They count in Germany as foreign born, but are highly educated immigrants, while immigration in Italy, given its geographical position, is mostly lower/no education immigrants.

> lower than many countries with a thriving IT industry

replace many with some. For example in UK officially 12.7% by the latest census data of 2011 of the population is foreign born, except they often times count as foreign born people born outside of the UK and their direct descendants. Which mostly is people from the former colonies. But also 6% of the total (or 50% of that 12% are people from the EU)

The foreign-born will include some people who are born abroad to UK citizen parents. However, it is usually still the preferred definition when using data on the migrant population, and especially change in the population over time.

Moreover, data on non-UK citizens also include many UK-born children of migrants who have themselves never migrated.

At the time of the UK census conducted in April 2001, 8.3 per cent of the country's population were foreign-born. This was substantially less than that of major immigration countries such as Australia (23 per cent), Canada (19.3 per cent) and the USA (12.3 per cent)

Wasn't UK already a tech hub in 2001? Am I wrong?

Last but not least, according to Statista Romanian annual average salary is around 20,000 (19,139) Euro while in Italy is 31,500 Euro.