Recently I had to write in Russian (my native language) a tech doc of many pages. That is after 26 years of tech writing only in English (my 2nd language). That experience resulted in an epiphany for me on why Russia is so technically behind as I suddenly understood what Zadornov was talking about :) In comparison to English, Russian sucks, to say the least, as a technical language. All the things which make Russian great for literature and poetry make it terribly inefficient for tech writing, miles and miles behind English. If anything, I think English is the secret sauce of the success of the Western technical civilization.
(For older Russian speakers - if you remember another Zadornov's "dolbani pljuhalkoj po kuvykalke, prikin'sja vetosh'ju i ne otsvechivaj" - now I think it really comes from the same weakness of Russian for technical communication)
Check it out, the things for which a western scientist or engineer is given credit, were discovered/invented much earlier by soviet counterparts! What do you think about Kotelnikov?
But it is a common and easy trap for a lot of nationalities to fall into, because there are innumerable discoveries that happen before (and/or independent of) the canonical "inventor" (and you're automatically more likely to know the independent inventors if they come from your country!).
Regarding Kotelnikov specifically: You could make the same argument (re: discovery of sampling theorem) for Whittaker, who published in 1915; ultimately, though, the whole debate is mostly pointless.
I strongly believe that no single inventor so far was truly "significant", in that his nonexistence would have delayed science as a whole by more than a decade or two (consider Newton/Leibniz for calculus, Einstein/Poincaré/Hilbert for relativity, etc.).
People should not focus so much on WHO discovered a particular fact, because the cold truth is that it's mostly a personality cult and that any single scientist that ever existed, no matter how brilliant, was still replaceable (from a "human progress" kind of view). Which does not stop me from being a Fermi-fanboy.
But I completely agree with you that language did not really hinder USSR science.
