I regularly run `mtr 1.1` for monitoring network condition. One of its display modes gives you a 3D view: x-axis is time, y-axis is the hops, and each cell’s colour and character indicates how long the ping took (or if it got no response). This is frequently very valuable at identifying where a problem is, which is generally one of these three: between computer and router, router and ISP, ISP and public internet. It can show also where packet loss or latency jumps are occurring, and patterns where something goes wrong for a few seconds so that you can determine where the problem is (this is where the time axis is crucial).

One thing that becomes apparent when you monitor diverse ISPs and endpoints this way is the inconsistency: in a normally-functioning situation, although most hops will have 0% loss, some will have absolutely any value from 0%–100%. The network I’m on at present has ten hops from _gateway to one.one.one.one; hop five is 100% loss, hop six varies around 40–50% loss, hop seven is about 60–62% loss, the rest are all 0% loss. It does host name lookup as well which can be a little bit useful for figuring out what’s probably local, probably ISP and probably public internet, but the boundaries are often a bit fuzzy.

mtr: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTR_(software)>

1.1: short spelling of 1.0.0.1, the second address for Cloudflare’s 1.1.1.1 DNS server.

You can switch between the display modes with the d key, or start in this mode with MTR_OPTIONS=--displaymode=2 in the environment (which is how I do it, as it’s almost always what I want; if it weren’t, I’d probably make some kind of alias for `mtr --displaymode=2 1.1` instead).