MPEG-LA is a very bad example. For starters, it's not MPEG; and furthermore there isn't a single MPEG patent pool anymore. There's like three of them, plus patent holders that haven't actually joined a pool, and that's made H.265 licensing a living nightmare.
Don't take my innovating-hating Stallmanite commie ass's word for it. Leonardo Chiariglione himself - a man who is adamantly opposed to royalty free formats being the superior standard[0] - has pointed out significant problems with the ISO MPEG licensing model of "we use whatever's best and let the patent pools sort it out". See: https://blog.chiariglione.org/a-crisis-the-causes-and-a-solu...
Since he posted that article, ISO cut MPEG into a bunch of tiny pieces and Leonardo was pushed out of the organization he founded, presumably as retaliation for airing the dirty laundry. He now runs a competing organization (MPAI) with very specific licensing requirements specifically to ensure patent pools don't go nuts screwing over users of patents.
[0] To be clear, he doesn't hate royalty free, he just wants it to be deliberately inferior so that research labs can make money off the patent royalties to fund more research.
