> Do you write bare-metal Pascal programs in this? I.e., do you write a Pascal program that uses Ultibo libraries to run without a separate operating system?
Yes, that's exactly how it works.
> How is the resulting program different from a unikernel?
I think that's essentially what Ultibo is.
> I think I'm mostly confused about why the IDE is bare-metal (why not write your Pascal programs in a normal environment and then run it bare metal on your RPi)D
You do run the IDE in a normal environment and then run it on your RPi. See below for a better description of how it works...
https://ultibo.org/wiki/Getting_Started