Aside from emergencies, there are other scenarios where the term price gouging is justified, as described in the Wikipedia article I posted. Those include monopoly pricing, and excessive beyond fair market pricing, and more. Your example of insulin is one of monopoly pricing. Obviously monopoly pricing of insulin isn’t subject to seasonal demand and wasn’t caused by an acute geographic emergency, which is why calling it price gouging is justified in that case, and why your example isn’t very relevant to this article.

The article wasn’t even about price gouging anyway, that’s a slightly click-bait title, and it never provided evidence and instead went off discussing investment financing at length.

It’s absolutely standard practice, and considered “fair”, for hotels to charge more money during busy seasons and busy weeks, globally. You need more evidence than the existence of high-demand market pricing in order to justify calling what’s in the article ‘price gouging’. I have in no way defended price gouging. If you’re anti-free-market and don’t believe prices should change based on demand, that’s fine, but that’s a different debate entirely.