Seemed like the definition of "programming language" was quite odd (given the title of the submission to HN is "Where are programming languages created?"), but then I noticed the actual title of the page is "Where does software innovation happen?" and is not restricted to programming languages.
Notably, Roman Elizarov who was leading the Kotlin team and who is based in St. Petersburg actually left Jetbrains. It's not clear why; at the time he cited personal reasons. But reading between the lines, it could be because he was not able or willing to leave Russia.
As far as I can tell, Haskell was an academic collaboration mostly between Jones (UCL briefly, mostly University of Glasgow), Wadler (University of Edinburgh), and Hudak (Yale).
In this case there's another layer on top of that where # of programming languages scales faster after a certain wealth threshold.
For instance, the city of Toronto has a GDP equivalent to a couple of specific countries (and larger than most countries), but created more programming languages than the equivalent countries.
This thread was about individuals making languages on their own and my point in this thread is most popular programming languages didn’t gain ground or mature until paid for and sponsored by an org or company.
DoD paid for it and can take credit for developing it.
Why would it suddenly change?
(I found the visualization hard to use, at least on mobile, so I used the CSV file)
I'm not sure BETA or FCL are really in the "Best" category. :p
That being said. "GP" jokingly said languages which were considered "best". I'm not sure what C# is supposed to be "best" at? It's not Java and it's certainly not LISP.
*Many have migrated to the US on their way, but still…
No, it doesn't. There's JetBrains, Eclipse foundation, Corel, etc.
Perl is one that comes to mind and it’s old.
The main reason it avoids showing languages created by individuals is that it can be hard to narrow down their location. Also, it would count as doxing.
