Yes, but getting it to work requires that you both:
(a) disable FileVault, and
(b) enable automatic login
One option is to automatically log in to an account which has very little access, and have everything sensitive on an encrypted disk/partition, and to use a separate keychain for any credentials you want to protect.
This and more suggestions here from a company using Macs as build servers:
https://forums.developer.apple.com/forums/thread/737381?answ...
I don't like the idea of enabling automatic login on any machine, so I keep FileVault on and just accept that any rebooted Macs will need physical access on restart.
If it's possible somehow to get screen-sharing access (or even SSH) without automatic login after a reboot, I'm sure lots of users would love to know how.