It's relatable: It's so human to experience fatigue and just let it go and do it the quick way that one time. From jaywalking to not checking whether the power is turned off.
The Demon Core is an exciting parable about how closely we're flirting with death when we do that. Just one little slip, and life completely changes from one moment to the next.
It's that wretching discomfort of how easy it is to imagine being Slotin.
The nihilistic humor/sarcasm is a way to cope/confront it all.
Anyway, in a general sense that's a particular type of sexual selection[0] that's been observed more often: showing that you are a healthy individual with good genes by taking risks. It probably has name. I suspect that with humans it's also an instinctual way of showing off who is the strongest in your peer group, without the sexual selection connotations.
EDIT: turns out the wikipedia article was one click removed from what I had in mind: signaling theory! (the evolutionary biology version)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azumanga_Daioh
which has a mad scientist character that I can easily picture screwing around with plutonium half-sphere and a screwdriver.