Most low-level languages support this, references in C++, pointers in C, ref keyword in C# and Dlang, and so on. It's mostly higher-level languages that do not support such things because it's in the VM semantics that dictate how objects are passed (i.e. in Lua tables are passed by reference, non-table values are passed by copy).

>Can you think of any other languages?

Yes. E.g. every language where you can pass pointers can do this. Reference are a construct around pointers.

>Of the ones I listed, I use all of, and am continuously frustrated by this limitation.

Why? This is only a limitation for a few basic types. All the language you mention allow you to modify objects passed to a function.

If it ever were any issue though you can always return the modified object and overwrite the original.

a = modify(a)

works even if you can only pass a value.

In practice this should never be a limitation, certainly I have never encountered it as one.

Ada has inout parameters.