There is a large Venn space here with RDD, résumé driven development.
Jokes aside, I don't think this is really cargo cult. It seems more like people genuinely believe in adding bloat just to get promotions or bragging rights. In my opinion, actual cargo cult behavior would be a novice saying they want to solve a front-end slowness issue by migrating the whole application to React because "React just works, dude." Or it could be the Stackoverflow-driven development approach, which is now evolving into ChatGPT-driven development.
But the real winner is when there's a development process problem, and someone says, "What we need is Agile!" as if requiring the team to follow ceremonies that no stakeholders care about will magically fix everything.
I used to use all sorts of design patterns like Factory, Creating an interface first before implementing a service, creating package-info.java inside every package without knowing or realising the used of it. Looking back, I should have stopped and asked more questions before focussing on finishing on time.