> Abstractions don't properly surface the underlying causes when they break.
"Abstractions" in the abstract neither do nor do not do this, as it is orthogonal to what an abstraction is; concrete implementations of abstractions can either swallow or wrap information about the underlying cause when they break, both are valid approaches.
> but their current level of working isn't exposing those details directly so they can't gain experience
This isn't really true. They absolutely can gain experience; they don't pay a (very high) extra effort with the side benefit of maybe gaining some experience on routine tasks where nothing breaks, and tend to gain experience only if they expend extra effort in situations where things fail or their are unusual challenges to resolve.
