As a more recent example, not feeling like enumerating all of them since DirectX 8 shader model introduction, and collaboration with NVidia where Cg became HLSL foundation.
Exactly, proprietary APIs don't have extension spaghetti like Khronos APIs, that always end up out of control, hence Vulkan 2025 roadmap plans.
Khronos got lucky that Google and Samsung decided to embrace Vulkan as the API to be on Android, Valve for their Steam Deck, and IoT displays, basically.
Everywhere else it is middleware engines that support all major 3D APIs, with WebGPU becoming also middleware outside of the browser due to the ways of Vulkan.