Thanks for the detailed comment!
Patrick’s argument is flawed because it assumes that if the interchange fee pays more than the cost of providing benefits, then it’s not a “subsidy”.
This is false because the interchange fees, and in fact all of the fees, have to pay for the entire company’s operations, not just for your points program. Without more detailed data it’s not possible to rule out the possibility that points programs are a subsidy for the rich.
The second assumption he makes is that volume is the same across the board. It’s not, there’s way more customers on the lower end, and the company charges them even more fees. So sure, rich customers individually pay more interchange fees, but the company could still be making most of its money from poor customers.
Unfortunately without knowing the CC company internals we have no way of knowing. Which means that Patrick’s opinion while being an educated guess is still just a guess, so it doesn’t refute anything.