But more importantly, the article claims it was used as a tax shield to grow.
"Basically, as long as spending counted as R&D, companies could report losses to investors while owing almost nothing to the IRS."
"Once those same expenses had to be spread out, or amortized, over multiple years, the tax shield vanished. Companies that were still burning cash suddenly looked profitable on paper, triggering real tax bills on imaginary gains."
1: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/timevalueofmoney.asp