I'm not the author of wazero, although I've been a maintainer. I'm just the author of the wazero based SQLite driver.
modernc takes the SQLite amalgamation, runs it through the C preprocessor, then converts the result to Go file using the ccgo compiler. Not many further details on how that works: https://www.reddit.com/r/golang/comments/1apreer/comment/kqa...
The Wasm version takes the same SQLite amalgamation and compiles it to portable Wasm using clang/wasi-sdk; the platform specific bits are implemented in Go.
I'm not sure I can say which one is more minimalist with a straight face. One consists of mechanically generated, platform specific, 8MB Go files. The other embeds 1.5MB Wasm BLOB and needs wazero (a big dependency on its own).