The way they do this in Europe is that an enterpreneur buys a fleet of cars and then gets a visa for a number of folks from Bangladesh and other areas who don not own any of these cars and ride them in turns (they also sleep like 10 in one appartment but that's a different story). The owner gets the money and distributes them to the actual drivers. Uber says they are innocent as they are not in an emplyer-employee position with any of these drivers.

This model worked for the fleet owners so far because the Saudi gave enough money so that both (1) the customers were happy, (2) the cash from the ride could be divided between owners and drivers in a way these drivers complained only to a certain extent.

But the last two years (the only profitable ones) are much worse, both for the drivers and fleet owners. There is still sunk cost in there, but once the cars get old enough they will need to think well whether to buy/lease the next batches.

Uber raised something like $50 billion in debt and equity before it went public, but after 15 years of losing money, it has finally started making profits… just in time for Waymo to arrive and eat its lunch. Of course, Uber could themselves get into the self-driving game, but their entire profit story to investors relies on pushing costs away from them onto drivers; it vanishes entirely if they have to maintain their own fleet.

Uber is profitable on a cash basis, but if you’re a public investor, you got fleeced by the early-stage venture money and debtholders. I don’t think it will ever pay back what it raised.