There are SO many things he might have done, with no pre-determined rules. Like, algo-scramble.
Starting with the n-char plaintext, make it a loop. Now move the second letter two places to its right, the third three places, and so on ... until arriving at the original nth letter (painted red?) Or, starting with the digits of pi, move the second letter 3 to the right, the third 1, the fourth 4, und so weiter.
Doing a frequency on 97 weird letters wouldn't help much.