Linux can actually meet or even exceed Window's power efficiently, at least at some tasks, but it takes a lot of work to get there. I'd start with powertop and TLP.
As usual, the Arch wiki is a good place to find more information: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Power_management
I've used Linux laptops since ~2007, and am well aware of the issues. 12x is well beyond normal.
That's the case.
If nothing would be wrong, it'd be at something like 1.5GHz with most of the cores unpowered.