If you go to Settings > Privacy & Security > App Privacy Report you can see domains contacted by an app, which apps contact a specific domain, and data and sensor access logs. Can also export it as a JSON file.

I think the data and sensor access logs is a newer feature since I don’t think I’ve seen it before, but network activity has been in there for at least a few years. The network activity is also only domains and ip addresses, nothing about protocol or what data was sent unfortunately.

https://support.apple.com/en-us/102188