Computer makers and users referred to black text on a white background as inverse video. The Atari 8-bits even had a key to toggle between normal and inverse characters when typing (the Atari-logo key). It's even described in the manual: https://www.atarimania.com/documents/atari-800-computer-owne... To quote the manual: "Inverse video is text being shown in dark letters against a light background."
Then came the "desktop publishing" craze and some attempts to make video screens an analogy for a piece of paper. This fails because paper does not EMIT light. Nor is reading black text off the surface of a glaring light bulb all day a good way to work. Useful for previewing printed output? OK. For all work on a computer? Not so much.
And yet, perhaps in an effort to be "different" from character-based systems, GUIs migrated to inverse color schemes as their default (except for Apple's, which was always inverse and offered no color-scheme management... and still doesn't). Throughout all of this and into the current day, applications that focus on art, photography, and video & visual effects have implemented a so-called "dark" UI. That's not coincidence.