This doesn't mean that AMPA receptors are the root cause of post-COVD brain fog, nor does it necessarily mean that drugs modulating AMPA receptors could reverse it. It only shows that this is one of the changes observed in patients reporting post-COVID brain fog. It could be a side effect of some other change or it could be part of a long cascade of changes.
It also needs to be replicated further. I've read at least at dozen headlines claiming to have found the underlying cause of COVID brain fog in the past year and all of them pointed to different biomarkers.
Consider this another piece of the puzzle, not a discovery of the underlying mechanism.
I'd also remark that their methodology has issues; we do not have a clear etiology or diagnostic criteria for "long covid" and its presentation. Participants had previously been infected (this is essentially everyone) and reported subjective "brain fog" type symptoms which is a terrible way to attempt to isolate anything about this "long covid". It's possible this is just a generalized syndrome that results from behavioral or lifestyle factors. I.e. we have no way to know what is "long covid" versus other things, no way to reliably trust patient history, and no way to know we are seeing that particular type of "brain fog".
It does not necessarily.
For example, if the increased AMPA density is a counter-regulatory response to reduced baseline AMPA activation, further antagonizing the receptor system would worsen rather than improve the situation.
Which can still be extremely useful, for targeting further investigation.
It's the university PR team that exaggerated, as usual.
On a long covid news article? What are the chances!
It doesn’t say root cause, or drug target. It doesn’t say reverse or cure. It quite specifically doesn’t say “the basis”. The word basis doesn’t have to refer to one root cause. It could be something foundational, but there can be many elements of a foundation. It certainly isn’t the entire structure.
I’d argue it’s quite tame as academic press releases go.
The headline quite specifically does say: "Uncovering the Molecular Basis of Long COVID Brain Fog"
The article also implies that AMPA drugs could address COVID brain fog:
> For example, drugs that suppress AMPAR activity could be a viable approach to mitigate brain fog.
This was one of the points I was trying to counter.
It also claims to have "resolved key uncertainties":
> In summary, the team’s findings resolve key uncertainties about the biological basis of Long COVID brain fog
Which is obviously not true. This is only one biomarker, not the resolution to a key uncertainty.
I disagree that I'm reading too much into it. These are direct quotes from the article I was responding to.
I've never smoked cigarettes, but decided to try Nicorette gum as an alternative to a second cup of coffee (if I drink after 12:00, I wont go to sleep on time).
I've been using it for 8+ years now and have found a sustainable dosage that doesn't give me withdrawal/depenency. I've never had an issue with tolerance.
I buy a big box of 4mg gum and go through around half to one piece a day. I discovered consuming 2+ pieces (+8mg) led to withdrawal symptoms (empathetic lightbulb moment for me for smokers who want to quit!)
Regarding dependency, I don't take any when Im traveling/on vacation, and have never felt the need to use it then.
Any desire comes from wanting to continue the alertness once the caffeine starts to wear off.
As for tolerance, I haven't noticed the brain fog come back since I started, and I've been on this for 6 or 8 months so far.
I vape like a fiend and I'm probably never going to stop
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11336094/
I would be curious if these markers could result from the same problems, or might indicate a complete separate root cause.
I normally drink 100-150mg/day, but I had to cut that back to 50-60mg and only in the morning. It seems to have passed, so I'm back on my drip.
You can also find some good decaf black tea. Jones Coffee Roasters in Pasadena stocks some, and I'll see it online occasionally.
The study only looked at one marker. It doesn't confirm that increased AMPA receptor density is the cause of decreased cognition. It only suggests that decreased cognition is correlated with increased AMPA receptor density.
There are many processes in the body where reduced activation of a receptor system results in an increased number of those receptors. So don't conclude that this is the reason why patients have brain fog. I would guess it's just more of a symptom than a cause until there's more research
Just a shot in the dark here, I'm just some guy on the internet, not a microbiologist or doctor.
