> [...] is like saying a car cannot have a problem until a mechanic gives it a name. The smoke pouring from the hood does not wait for linguistic permission to exist.

That doesn't make any sense. But there may be something salvageable in your analogy. Consider the difference between manufacturing defects and wear and tear. You can understand how each, while both able to lead to failure, are different categories of problems?

Good. Now, analogies can only go so far, but we can extrapolate some similarity from that in software. Meaning that both bugs and exceptions are problems, but they are not of the same category. They originate from different conditions. Exceptions are fundamental flaws in the code, while bugs are deviation from human intent.

> Yet you just admitted exceptions exist because “the machine determines them.”

That's right. The machine can determine when an exception occurs. For example, divide by zero. There is no way the machine can carry on once this happens. The machine is capable of addressing such a condition. Which is very different from divide by one when you actually intended to divide by two. This is what differentiates exceptions from bugs and why we have more than one word to describe these things.

> exceptions are one of the main observable ways that bugs manifest.

Maybe you're still confusing the concept with the data structure? Absolutely, a bug can lead to creating an exception (data structure). Consider:

    color sky = "blue";
    if (sky == "blue") { // was intended to be sky != "blue"
        throw "the sky was expected to be blue"; // produces an exception data structure (message, call stack, etc.)
    }

But that wouldn't be an exception (concept), that'd just be a bug. The fault is in the inverted conditional, not a fundamental execution flaw.

The presence of an exception (data structure) does not imply that there is an exception (concept). The overlapping use of words is a bit unfortunate, perhaps — albeit consistent with error (concept) and error (data structure), but the difference between a data structure and a concept should not confuse anyone.

Exceptions (concept), on the other hand, looks more like:

    object.methodThatDoesNotExist();

The code is fundamentally flawed. The machine is, in this case, quite able to determine that you screwed up. If you have a sufficiently advanced compiler, you'd be warned at compile time that methodThatDoesNotExist cannot be called. But if that condition evades the compiler then it would lead to an exceptional event at run time instead.